One of the fun parts of working on Newsbot has been seeing what is possible when you combine news and computer technology. Last night, we shipped Newsbot's version of "The Daily Me" the latest in a long line of efforts to create a more personalized news experience. One of the things that has made this fun, is that it brings together two even more specific interests: personalization and political theory.
This probably sounds astounding - what does Newsbot have to do with political theory? That is a bit how I felt when I first saw Cass Sunstein's book Republic.com in 2001. Sunstein, a well-respected legal professor and theorist had written a book dedicated to the disection of the dangers posed by personalized news and Nicholas Negroponte's idea of "The Daily Me".
When I came to work at Amazon.com in 1996, I was fresh out of the University of Cambridge where I'd done graduate work in the history of political thought. Not the most direct connection to a new internet career, though I found training in conceptual frameworks good preparation for working in the nascent field of ecommerce. In 1998, as we started the personalization group at Amazon, my theoretical background helped me work with a diverse group of engineers, statisticians, designers and PMs. I can't claim I got to use more than an occassional Aristotelian principle or Machiavelli quotation in knocking out our work, but with today's project, Newsbot's version of "The Daily Me", I have an interlocutor in Sunstein questioning what I'm doing in a direct and relevant way.
In Republic.com, Sunstein argues that we need a more republican understanding of character formation informing our journalism, rather than the libertarian "customer is always right" approach to filtering the news around a reader's interest. In a Time magazine op-ed piece titled: Boycott the Daily Me Sunstein summarizes his argument: "For democracy to work, people must be exposed to ideas they would not have chosen in advance. Democracy depends on unanticipated encounters. It is also important for diverse citizens to have common experiences, which provide a kind of social glue and help them to see they are engaged in a common endeavor. A world where people only read news they preselect creates a risk of social fragmentation."
His view of "The Daily Me" is a sort of Rawlsian original position, where all choices about the news are made prior to finding out what's actually happening in the world. I was amazed to see a political theorist writing about these issues, but disheartened so little thought was given to what a personalized news system requires to be effective. Had Sunstein investigated more deeply, he'd have found his instincts for what a democratic order requires are similar to what makes a personalized news site succeed as well.
Alarmist warnings from Sunstein in Republic.com such as "There can be no assurance of freedom in a system committed to the 'Daily Me.'" or "For countless people, the Internet is producing a substantial decrease in unanticipated, unchosen encounters" drew the deserved attention of critics. James Fallows in The New York Review of Books wrote: "Sunstein's warnings last spring about the ominously perfect info-filtering technology did not, to put it mildly, have the easy authority shown in his discussions of the First Amendment. They were more like suburban fretting about the bad things that must be happening on the other side of town. . . Sunstein can't have spent much time using any of these sites if he thinks their filtering is effective enough to pose a threat. To see for yourself, go to one of the main news sites that offers a personalized compendium of information . . . and see how "me"-like you can make it. You can set it to display your city's weather, and the stock quotes you care about . . . But the rest of the information you see has a high chance of being "unexpected.""
That was three years ago. Several improvements have been made from the primitive state of personalized news - but when done well - I think it leads us even further away from Sunstein's dystopic future. Readers want to know not only what thay already know they are interested in, but also what is happening now, what stories are other people interested in, whether they be publishers or readers. One of the advances with Newsbot that is lacking in previous approaches to personalization is news aggregation. Sunstein fears an overly narrowed world where users filter the news to the extreme. But before you can recommend stories a reader' is uniquely interested in, you have to aggregate news from thousands of sources. When you aggregate news, not only do you have the broadest possible selection from thousands of publishers, you get a clearer sense of what stories are being covered around the world, what topics are readers searching for, and what other articles (published by different sources) might a reader also want. "Clustering the news" is a required step of making internet scale selection digestable and useful, but it also allows readers to compare and contrast coverage. On top of that, usage of a site like newsbot allows us to say what stories are popular, what stories did other users read that might be "unexpectedly" interesting to you.
This system is very different than the scenario Sunstein feared. Rather than narrow the news world, we've grown it to include all publishers across markets and even languages. Rather than pre-select stories, we recommend dynamically based on what you search out, discover or browse. Rather than filtering toward a private prison view of the world, you not only find and discover what you want, you see the foot paths of interested readers who came before. Rather than indiscriminately personalizing stories throughout the site (a mistake we made in our first release, now fixed) readers want to know what is unique for them but also what is popular, why was something recommended and what can they do to undo it. On Newsbot, in tribute to the original effort at MIT, we call these sections "The Daily Me" and "The Daily We". The ideal news reading experience is not one that limits what you see, so much as unlocks the news reading going on all over the internet and makes it discoverable and uniquely relevant.
These innovations aren't out of some altruistic effort to save democracy. News recommendations will be of poor quality if the sources of news are limited. So you need universal selection. Reading 5,000 news papers would be overwhelming and repetitive, so you need clustering. Users don't want to preselect keywords and topics that they are interested in, they want a system that recognizes, remembers and learns "how they read the news". Users don't want a news site that recommends willy nilly - it has to balance breaking news, important stories, and specific interests if it is to be useful. And users don't always already know what they want, so they want editors, other readers, and their demonstrated interests to drive the news they are shown.
But Fallows also takes Sunstein to task on a larger point:
"The filtering available on Internet sites is primitive compared to the filters, cushions, and blinders that surround us the rest of the time. The patterns Sunstein warns about—a lack of shared experience and the balkanization of Americans according to class, region, religion, and ethnicity—are real and worrisome enough. But the Internet is a trivial source of the problem— let's say one thousandth as important as the educational system, from school districts with their unequal funding to the faulty system of college admissions. Or residential patterns. Or who marries whom. Or tax policy. Or the existing broadcast media, which let you drive coast to coast listening to nothing but right-wing talk radio or NPR. Or cable TV, with one channel showing only bass fishermen and another showing only success-motivation seminars. Or patterns of commuting, which have evolved from buses to cars, and remove people from accidental contact with others. You could un-invent the Internet and still have every problem Sunstein fears."
Fallows interestingly turns to David Weinberger to further refute the idea that the Internet has a narrowing effect on people's minds:
there is more and more to distract us—more sites to visit, more arguments to jump into, more dirty pictures to download, more pure wastes of time. The fact that the Web is distracting is not an accident. It is the Web's hyperlinked nature to pull our attention here and there. But it is not clear that this represents a weakening of our culture's intellectual powers, a lack of focus.... Maybe set free in a field of abundance, our hunger moves us from three meals a day to day-long grazing.... Perhaps the Web isn't shortening our attention span. Perhaps the world is just getting more interesting. - Small Pieces Loosely Joined: A Unified Theory of the Web
All hail the promise and perils of the Daily Me! 20 years new and never far from the Daily We.
Personalized news services as they are can't balkanize doodoo because they are playing second-fiddle to the editorial process exercized by the news feed sources themselves...
Posted by: Lucas | April 15, 2004 at 03:00 PM
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http://www.tg110.com/299.htm 女人心
http://www.tg110.com/300.htm 蜗牛
http://www.tg110.com/301.htm 爱如潮水
http://www.tg110.com/302.htm 我难过
http://www.tg110.com/303.htm 牡丹江
http://www.tg110.com/304.htm 灰色空间
http://www.tg110.com/305.htm 当爱在靠近
http://www.tg110.com/306.htm 天灰
http://www.tg110.com/307.htm 爱你一万年
http://www.tg110.com/308.htm 最熟悉的陌生人
http://www.tg110.com/309.htm 如果爱
http://www.tg110.com/310.htm 毒蘑菇
http://www.tg110.com/311.htm 童年
http://www.tg110.com/312.htm 假如
http://www.tg110.com/313.htm 雨樱花
http://www.tg110.com/314.htm 因为你
http://www.tg110.com/315.htm 猪之歌
http://www.tg110.com/316.htm 大约在冬季
http://www.tg110.com/317.htm 夏天的风
http://www.tg110.com/318.htm 期待
http://www.tg110.com/319.htm 女人花
http://www.tg110.com/320.htm 倩女幽魂
http://www.tg110.com/321.htm 人鱼的眼泪
http://www.tg110.com/322.htm 倔强
http://www.tg110.com/323.htm 天堂
http://www.tg110.com/324.htm 浪漫手机
http://www.tg110.com/325.htm 雨人
http://www.tg110.com/326.htm 别说我的眼泪你无所谓
http://www.tg110.com/327.htm 零
http://www.tg110.com/328.htm 祝我生日快乐
http://www.tg110.com/329.htm 不怕不怕
http://www.tg110.com/330.htm 丁香花
http://www.tg110.com/331.htm 小丑鱼
http://www.tg110.com/332.htm 记事本
http://www.tg110.com/333.htm 无间道
http://www.tg110.com/334.htm 回到过去
http://www.tg110.com/335.htm 精忠报国
http://www.tg110.com/336.htm 只对你说
http://www.tg110.com/337.htm 旋木
http://www.tg110.com/338.htm 婴儿
http://www.tg110.com/339.htm 红色石头
http://www.tg110.com/340.htm 我对天空说
http://www.tg110.com/341.htm 爱的就是你
http://www.tg110.com/342.htm 飞舞
http://www.tg110.com/343.htm 一个人哭
http://www.tg110.com/344.htm 对不起我爱你
http://www.tg110.com/345.htm 男人海洋
http://www.tg110.com/346.htm 一个人
http://www.tg110.com/347.htm 你一定要幸福
http://www.tg110.com/348.htm Happy Wake Up
http://www.tg110.com/349.htm 恋爱ing
http://www.tg110.com/350.htm 明天会更好
http://www.tg110.com/351.htm 快乐练习曲
http://www.tg110.com/352.htm 绿光
http://www.tg110.com/353.htm 算你狠
http://www.tg110.com/354.htm 当你孤单你会想起谁
http://www.tg110.com/355.htm 回家
http://www.tg110.com/356.htm 爱要怎么说出口
http://www.tg110.com/357.htm 就是我
http://www.tg110.com/358.htm 孙悟空
http://www.tg110.com/359.htm 催眠
http://www.tg110.com/360.htm 太委屈
http://www.tg110.com/361.htm 猪都笑了
http://www.tg110.com/362.htm 爱你不会变
http://www.tg110.com/363.htm 直来直往
http://www.tg110.com/364.htm 不可思议
http://www.tg110.com/365.htm 大哥
http://www.tg110.com/366.htm 其实我很在乎你
http://www.tg110.com/367.htm 玩美
http://www.tg110.com/368.htm 孤单北半球
http://www.tg110.com/369.htm 喜欢你
http://www.tg110.com/370.htm 我的未来不是梦
http://www.tg110.com/371.htm 蟑螂小强
http://www.tg110.com/372.htm 欧若拉
http://www.tg110.com/373.htm 爱的箴言
http://www.tg110.com/374.htm 我只在乎你
http://www.tg110.com/375.htm 别怕我伤心
http://www.tg110.com/376.htm 亲爱的不要离开我
http://www.tg110.com/377.htm 自由
http://www.tg110.com/378.htm 天亮以后
http://www.tg110.com/379.htm 孤单爱情海
http://www.tg110.com/380.htm 双鱼座
http://www.tg110.com/381.htm 一千零一夜
http://www.tg110.com/382.htm 叶子
http://www.tg110.com/383.htm 原谅
http://www.tg110.com/384.htm 蓝天
http://www.tg110.com/385.htm 冬天快乐
http://www.tg110.com/386.htm 蓝天
http://www.tg110.com/387.htm 谢谢你的爱
http://www.tg110.com/388.htm 化蝶飞
http://www.tg110.com/389.htm 铁血丹心
http://www.tg110.com/390.htm 天意
http://www.tg110.com/391.htm 恶作剧
http://www.tg110.com/392.htm 你
http://www.tg110.com/393.htm 十元人民币
http://www.tg110.com/394.htm 祝你一路顺风
http://www.tg110.com/395.htm 全世界最伤心的人
http://www.tg110.com/396.htm 哑巴新娘
http://www.tg110.com/397.htm 芙蓉姐夫
http://www.tg110.com/398.htm 讲不出再见
http://www.tg110.com/399.htm 信仰
http://www.tg110.com/400.htm 黑白配
http://www.tg110.com/401.htm 好久不见
http://www.tg110.com/402.htm 我恨我痴心
http://www.tg110.com/403.htm 蓝莲花
http://www.tg110.com/404.htm 你怎么舍得我难过
http://www.tg110.com/405.htm 虫儿飞
http://www.tg110.com/406.htm 在梅边
http://www.tg110.com/407.htm 飘移
http://www.tg110.com/408.htm 在他乡
http://www.tg110.com/409.htm 太多
http://www.tg110.com/410.htm 天亮了
http://www.tg110.com/411.htm 盖世英雄
http://www.tg110.com/412.htm 我要抱着你
http://www.tg110.com/413.htm 星光游乐园
http://www.tg110.com/414.htm 热情
http://www.tg110.com/415.htm 无尽的爱
http://www.tg110.com/416.htm 以父之名
http://www.tg110.com/417.htm 秋天的童话
http://www.tg110.com/418.htm 天天夜夜
http://www.tg110.com/419.htm 下一站天后
http://www.tg110.com/420.htm 第一滴泪
http://www.tg110.com/421.htm 我真的受伤了
http://www.tg110.com/422.htm 花香
http://www.tg110.com/423.htm 花花公子
http://www.tg110.com/424.htm 我可以抱你吗
http://www.tg110.com/425.htm 珍惜
http://www.tg110.com/426.htm 如果下辈子我还记得你
http://www.tg110.com/427.htm 说谎
http://www.tg110.com/428.htm 宣言
http://www.tg110.com/429.htm 说谎
http://www.tg110.com/430.htm 黑色幽默
http://www.tg110.com/431.htm 开不了口
http://www.tg110.com/432.htm 温柔的慈悲
http://www.tg110.com/433.htm 情书
http://www.tg110.com/434.htm 一个像夏天一个像秋天
http://www.tg110.com/435.htm 大地
http://www.tg110.com/436.htm 老鼠爱大米
http://www.tg110.com/437.htm 你的微笑
http://www.tg110.com/438.htm 王子归来
http://www.tg110.com/439.htm 受了点伤
http://www.tg110.com/440.htm 一路上有你
http://www.tg110.com/441.htm 见习爱神
http://www.tg110.com/442.htm 累斗累
http://www.tg110.com/443.htm 爱笑的眼睛
http://www.tg110.com/444.htm 爱得太迟
http://www.tg110.com/445.htm 真爱你的云
http://www.tg110.com/446.htm 比我幸福
http://www.tg110.com/447.htm 不顾一切要成功
http://www.tg110.com/448.htm 吹眼睛
http://www.tg110.com/449.htm 离别
http://www.tg110.com/450.htm 分手快乐
http://www.tg110.com/451.htm 谁说喝醉就无所谓
http://www.tg110.com/452.htm 开车
http://www.tg110.com/453.htm 容易受伤的女人
http://www.tg110.com/454.htm 偏偏喜欢你
http://www.tg110.com/455.htm 宝贝对不起
http://www.tg110.com/456.htm 寂寞的季节
http://www.tg110.com/457.htm 让世界充满爱
http://www.tg110.com/458.htm 吹喇叭
http://www.tg110.com/459.htm 冲动的惩罚
http://www.tg110.com/460.htm 特别的爱给特别的你
http://www.tg110.com/461.htm 有你陪着我
http://www.tg110.com/462.htm 世界第一等
http://www.tg110.com/463.htm 等你爱我
http://www.tg110.com/464.htm 你那么爱她
http://www.tg110.com/465.htm 双截棍
http://www.tg110.com/466.htm 电台情歌
http://www.tg110.com/467.htm 一克拉的眼泪
http://www.tg110.com/468.htm 胆小鬼
http://www.tg110.com/469.htm 关于你的歌
http://www.tg110.com/470.htm 断了的弦
http://www.tg110.com/471.htm 爱你不是两三天
http://www.tg110.com/472.htm 同桌的你
http://www.tg110.com/473.htm 说爱我
http://www.tg110.com/474.htm 两只小蜜蜂
http://www.tg110.com/475.htm 野百合也有春天
http://www.tg110.com/476.htm 心醉
http://www.tg110.com/477.htm 独立
http://www.tg110.com/478.htm 白桦林
http://www.tg110.com/479.htm 黄昏晓
http://www.tg110.com/480.htm 爱上未来的你
http://www.tg110.com/481.htm 一起走过的日子
http://www.tg110.com/482.htm 不痛
http://www.tg110.com/483.htm 稻草人
http://www.tg110.com/484.htm 青藏高原
http://www.tg110.com/485.htm 命中注定
http://www.tg110.com/486.htm 来生缘
http://www.tg110.com/487.htm 下沙
http://www.tg110.com/488.htm 江湖笑
http://www.tg110.com/489.htm 很爱很爱你
http://www.tg110.com/490.htm 心愿
http://www.tg110.com/491.htm 大城小事
http://www.tg110.com/492.htm 心如刀割
http://www.tg110.com/493.htm 蓝眼泪
http://www.tg110.com/494.htm 父亲
http://www.tg110.com/495.htm 爱在西元前
http://www.tg110.com/496.htm 恋着多喜欢
http://www.tg110.com/497.htm 再回首
http://www.tg110.com/498.htm 萍聚
http://www.tg110.com/499.htm 八十块环游世界
http://www.tg110.com/500.htm 月桂女神
http://www.tg110.com/501.htm 阳光总在风雨后
Posted by: jlsjfsd | October 19, 2006 at 08:29 PM